The Voting Rights Act Of 1965 - 1549 Words

The United States is a country anchored on the principle of inclusivity and mutual respect. The country has a dark past characterized with instances of racial profiling and discrimination which culminated into civil unrests realized in the mid-20th century. Moving forward, the country adopted strategic frameworks that were to guide towards a new era devoid of discrimination. The aspect of political participation was one fundamental instrument that was subsequently integrated into the American social dynamics. The enactment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 sought to empower the minority groups to participate in the electoral processes, and to eliminate the barriers that existed in the political landscape. Some of the achievements of the act†¦show more content†¦Section 5 highlights that any changes in the state electoral laws, which are deemed to have the potential to disenfranchise the minority groups must first be approved by the federal agencies including the US attorney g eneral and the US District Court for D.C. In addition, the section defines the need for the states with a significant population of minority groups to develop bilingual ballot papers to ensure that the voters make informed decisions when taking part in the electoral process. On the other hand, section 4 of the act highlights the need to adopt special coverage formulas to integrate the minority groups in the entire electoral process. In many instances, the act requires that such special coverage formulas to be cleared by the federal agencies before they can be applied. The fundamental goal of the preclearance provision is to prevent discrimination against certain groups of voters who may be deemed to antagonize the general position of their local political trends. However, this provision has since been deemed unconstitutional in the Shelby County v. Holder Case of 2013 (Fuller, 2014). Despite the perceived unconstitutionality of the two sections of the act, and the attempts to review the act to eliminate the clauses, analyses of the political dynamics indicate that the two sections are still relevant in American politics. Justifications for the Need for Sections 4 and 5 The first factor which makes the sections necessary is that theyShow MoreRelatedThe Voting Rights Act Of 19651575 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Voting Rights Act initially enacted in 1965. There are two sections of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that are of particular concern in most cases, sections 4 and 5. Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act requires certain states, districts, and localities to obtain federal preclearance before making any changes or alterations to their election laws or practices (Overby). Section 4 specifies a formula for determining whether a geographical area is subject to section 5 (Overby). When the Voting RightsRead MoreVoting Rights Act of 1965766 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch topic is the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and I chose this topic because I always found it amusing that it took so long for African Americans to legally be allowed to vote. I also thought this topic was appropriate since we now have an African American president, and the African Americans ci tizens need to know that voting I important because we didn’t always have that right. II. Statement of research question, hypothesis Topic: Voting Rights Act of 1965 Issue: ImportanceRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19652148 Words   |  9 PagesVoting has been a fundamental right, and has changed over the past one hundred years to allow not only women but minorities to vote. However, in Texas there have been arguments about the revision of Section five of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Not only has Texas politicians accepted the new Voting Rights act, but the legislation itself has also been accused of redistricting parts of the state to aid voter turn out to the party in power. With the ever growing minority population, legislative actionRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19652010 Words   |  9 PagesThe Constitution gave each state the right to determine its own voting laws (May 50). This privilege has been amended to ensure that minorities, and other groups who would be otherwise left out of the voting process, are not prevented from voting in federal and state elections. The most prominent piece of legislation ensuring equal tr eatment of all citizens at the voting booth is the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Amended many times since its initial adoption, the Act is generally considered the most successfulRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19651288 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurred during the year 1965; these changes positively impacted the minority community. During this year, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act and the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 helped enforce the 15th Amendment and prohibited racial discrimination in voting. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished quotas based on nationality and allowed Americans to sponsor relatives from their countries of origin. The Voting Rights Act and the ImmigrationRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 1965947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Supreme Court rulings led to a number of acts which helped the civil rights movement attain its goals. The first example is the Voting Rights Act of 1965. On January 23rd, 1964, th e 24th amendment stopped the poll tax, which initially had been introduced in eleven southern states after reconstruction to make it difficult for poor blacks to vote. On August 10th, 1965, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act, making it easier for Southern blacks to register to vote. Anything that could limit theRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 1965925 Words   |  4 Pagesdisenfranchisement. As it stands right now most states have restrictions on felons and voting. Florida, for example, requires you to wait 5 years before a convicted felon can apply for clemency to vote (ProCon.org). Out of all the states, there are only 2 states that have no restrictions, and allow convicted felons to vote absentee ballots from within prison (ProCon.org). Compared to other modern societies, the United States â€Å"features the harshest restrictions on offender voting rights† (Sigler). ConvictedRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 1965862 Words   |  4 Pagesdecided to gut the Voting Rig hts Act of 1965 in Shelby County v. Holder by deciding Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act is unconstitutional. The Voting Rights Act was meant to prevent historically discriminatory states from passing discriminatory voting laws. The purpose was to end racial discrimination in voting. Section 4(b) lays out the formula for which these states are selected. Basically, if the state had a history of restricting votes through tests or other means, their voting laws would be subjectRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19651456 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscriminated against their voting rights. They have not only been unrepresented in the number of candidates running for positions but also the number of voters who are registered and participate in elections. After the Voting Rights Act of 1965, it was prohibited for voters to be racially discriminated against. But since then, many revisions have been added, tightening the rules for registering and participating in voting. Many of these rules p revent minorities from voting but aren’t considered raciallyRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act of 1965 Essays1217 Words   |  5 Pagesbe caused by pieces of paper. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was a law passed that primarily gave African Americans the right to vote without having to take any sort of literacy tests. African Americans were widely ignored in voting rights because they were forced to take literacy tests to be eligible to vote. Having this event in our nation’s civil rights movement was a landmark that allowed the other half of our nation’s voice to be heard. â€Å"The Voting Rights Act itself has been called the single

Review of The Odyssey by Homer Free Essays

Throughout history, women have been expected to behave a certain way in order to uphold some kind of ideal image. The woman is expected to be a virtuous and upright person, forever loyal and subservient to her husband. However while history adheres to this common image of the woman, a very different mold is shaped for the man. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of The Odyssey by Homer or any similar topic only for you Order Now This establishes a double standard between the two genders. The dictionary defines the term ‘double standard’ as a â€Å"system, code, or criterion applied unequally; specifically a code of behavior that is stricter for women than for men, especially in matters of sex† (Agnes et al. 29). This phrase defines women’s history, as women are constantly viewed under different guidelines and principles than their male counterparts. Written by Homer, the epic poem entitled The Odyssey epitomizes the idea of the double standard in Ancient Greek society. It revolves around the subject of promiscuous behavior in the sexual sense, as males engaged in the behavior while females were expected to abstain from it. The idea of sexual promiscuity in The Odyssey creates an unfair double standard between its male and female characters. The difference of accepted sexual behavior between gods and goddesses is exemplified in an angry speech given to the gods by the goddess Calypso. When Hermes informs her that the prisoner Odysseus must return home, Calypso becomes frustrated. Oh you vile gods, in jealousy supernal! You hate it when we choose to lie with men – immortal flesh by some dear mortal side†¦ Then Demeter of the tasseled tresses yielded to Iasion, mingling and making love in a furrow three times plowed; but Zeus found out and killed him with a white-hot thunderbolt (Homer 5. 24). In this passage, Calypso points out the fact that the male gods can engage in promiscuous behavior. However when the goddesses try to involve themselves in the same activities, they face persecution by their counterparts. The gods disapprove so much that they resort to murder as a type of negative reinforcement, discouraging the goddesses from such sexual acts. Calypso’s ability to refer to specific past instances of this behavior proves that the tendency to place women under different guidelines than men exists. The fact that Calypso could cite more than one occurrence of the double standard shows that the goddesses were not allowed to engage in such activity, and that this was at the fault of their male counterparts, who were allowed to participate in such sexual looseness. In this speech she outwardly scrutinizes the norms of society, deeming them as hypocritical. This difference in standard concerning sexual promiscuity is present in the highest class of Greek culture, the gods, which is proof enough of its prevalence. The Odyssey highlights this idea further by projecting the ideas onto not just immortal beings, but mortal beings as well. Odysseus is a prime example. Although he claims loyalty to his wife Penelope, Odysseus does not hesitate to submit to the Greek goddess’ desire for him. Calypso did nothing to conceal her longing for Odysseus when she held him captive on her island. Stranded, Odysseus spent many years with the Greek goddess and â€Å"he lay with her each night, for she compelled him† (Homer 5. 163). Despite the fact that Calypso required him to sleep with her on a regular basis, nothing in the text indicates that Odysseus literally did just that. An analysis of the circumstances surrounding this situation suggests otherwise. Calypso, a forever young and beautiful goddess, wants to have sexual relations with Odysseus. Although he is a married man, he is still a man by nature. No one can deny the universal fact that men have an inherent need for sex. The text remains ambiguous towards the situation, which in itself alludes to the notion that he did indeed have intercourse with Calypso, despite the fact that Penelope awaited his return. On the other hand, nothing in the text indicated that Penelope was at all sexually promiscuous during the time apart from her husband, suggesting that she remained faithful. Another example of sexually promiscuous behavior can be found in Book Ten, when Odysseus and his crew happen upon the island of the goddess Circe, who turns the crew into pigs. She and Odysseus reach a compromise in which he consented â€Å"[to enter] Circe’s flawless bed of love† (Homer 10. 390). The pact seems almost trivial to Odysseus, since the text inputs nothing to indicate any feelings of guilt over betraying Penelope, who back in Ithaca remained faithful to him by continually snubbing her suitors. This situation shows the different expectations of men and women regarding their sexual behavior. In both incidences, Odysseus seems hypocritical due to the fact that his actions do not coincide with his claim to remain loyal to his wife. Through him, The Odyssey projects the idea of promiscuity as an acceptable act for only the male characters of the epic tale. In The Odyssey, women were discouraged by society to become sexual promiscuous while men were allowed to indulge their sexual impulses. Homer’s projection of this theme to both immortal and mortal beings makes it apparent that it was a societal norm. As with many aspects of Greek culture, this too has also been adapted into modern day society. President Bill Clinton did not receive nearly as much criticism for his affair with Monica Lewinsky as Britney Spears did for her activities following her breakup with Justin Timberlake. Disapproval fell upon Spears despite the fact that there was no substantial proof of sexual promiscuity on her part, and while Clinton’s was quite apparent, he did not receive the same amount of backlash. The double standard regarding sexual promiscuity is a subject that has lasted from Ancient Greece, documented in The Odyssey, up until the present date, documented in today’s popular culture. How to cite Review of The Odyssey by Homer, Papers

Social Media Technology in Business Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Social Networks in Business. Answer: The aim of the following paper is to pursue a literature review on the topic of the advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of social media and networks in business. The present paper would critically review a good extent of literatures related to the considered topic and thereafter would make critical evaluation of the contents presented in them. For accomplishing the aforementioned aim, the paper would identify the similarities as well as the dissimilarities between them and thereafter would attempt to synthesize the contents. It is significant to mention in the initial section that in the contemporary era of digitalization, social media and networks dominate the field of marketing in business organization. It can be said that the social media plays the role of a modern tool to address or approach the target market. As stated by Leonardi et al. (2013), over last few years social media and network has transformed from being a digitalized channel that is used for socializing from other media to a potential marketing tool or medium for operating business operations like marketing and increasing brand awareness. Prior to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the use of social media in business, it is essential to mention that according to Okazaki and Taylor (2013), social media is related with peoples interest in being connected with other people and information. Moreover, social media and networks have become a preferred place for the audience of the contemporary society for discussing about issues and collecting opinions regarding brands, products. As per Trainor et al. (2014), most of the people find social media a resourceful premise to get aware about a particular business organization prior to become their customers and it is one of the chief causes because of which organizations use social media networks in order to advance their business. The utilization of social media has fundamentally changed the way of interaction between business organizations and their customers (Trainor et al. 2014). Based on Laroche et al. (2013), at the initial stage, the use of social media in business has been considered as an innovative approach to business though gradually social media turned out to be a necessity for the business organization. According to the historical perspective of the utilization of social media in business organizations started with three different paths. First is the use of public sites like Twitter, G-talk and Face book, second has been individual private implementation of proprietary software through an organizations own server or through acquired cloud-based system (Tsimonis and Dimitriadis 2014). The third path has been the in-house proprietary solutions, which are created in form of prototypes for commercial offerings by software vendors. In the contemporary world of business, social media has become an essential medium for varied operations like customer service, public relations, brand recognition, brand awareness and most importantly marketing. However, as contradicted by Vinerean et al. (2013), besides making business operations smoother and more attractive, the utilization of social media in business is time intensive, difficult in time quantifying return on investment and its dynamic nature. The aforementioned statement is justified because social media is an interactive tool and therefore in order to accomplish business success through social media, it is required to establish long-term relationship with the external environment. Therefore, tasks like continuous monitoring, sharing information and responding to the enquiries are some of the essential responsibilities related with it (Kasemsap 2014). Henceforth, for smoothly making use of social networking in business, every business organization requires to hav e an individual or a group of individual for accomplishing all the aforementioned activities. Nevertheless, in the words of Badea (2014), it is true that the use of social media marketing is time intensive though there is no better way than social media to accelerate brand recognition. According to Badea (2014), it cannot be ignored that the application of social media in business is one of the most convenient ways for creating brand awareness as well as to stay in touch with the clients. Most significantly, a business enterprise can successfully share organizational news, business-related photos and can advertise any product that is going to be launched recently using social media. It has been identified that none of the considered article writers have contradicted the fact that the biggest advantage of using social media is its power of immediacy (Ooms et al. 2015). More precisely, with the help of social media business organizations can avail responses instantly from potential target market or other external stakeholders. Therefore, it is indicative of the fact that with t he utilization of social media, an organization can effortlessly determine whether the target market or other significant external stakeholders prefer their service or products, which have been advertised through social media and networks (Harrigan et al. 2015). Therefore, it can be said that two the biggest responsibilities that the social media can accomplish for an organization are market research as well as market study. According to Harrigan et al. (2015), the utilization of social media should be increased based on the reason that it helps to save a huge amount of cost of physical marketing. It is justifiable based on the reason that marketing become virtual through social media and networking and most of the familiar social media networking sites are nowadays free to access. Therefore, with the use of social media networking, marketing becomes a cost-saving operation where marketers do not need to invest cash or employ a huge extent of human force for promoting a business. On the other side, it has been argued by Kasemsap (2014), with the application of social media marketing business organizations bear chances of receiving negative feedbacks from external stakeholders and also chance of being hacked by malware, brand hijacking as well as viruses. Moreover, marketing through social media is often accused of being intrusive. As identified from most of the considered literary accounts related to the topic, most of the time, sharing information on social networking site proved to be unsafe. It is a considerable fact that with the use of social media or network for marketing or other business purpose, risks in the field of privacy increases (Kasemsap 2014). It has been also understood that the emergence of the confidentiality controversy and offensive reaction have become frequent in the organizational practice or application of shaping advertisements and campaigns on product or service launch and about any service related information. In such case, in place of getting brand recognition and a profit-based marketing, an organization earns bad reputation, which sometimes leads to huge financial loss (Tsimonis and Dimitriadis 2014). On the other side, it has been agreed in almost each of the reviewed articles that the use of social media and networking are helpful for flexibly pursuing as well as managing communication among the employees and internal stakeholders. Specifically, with the use of online social media like Face book, Twitter and electronic mails and other online messaging applications, it has become easy for management as well as for an organizational authority to inform employees on any kind of organizational decision and policy (Okazaki and Taylor 2013). Therefore, it can be said that with the help of social media and social networking business organizations can save time from organizing meeting and workshops in physical level. According Ooms et al. (2015), nowadays more than pursuing communication with the target market and other external stakeholders, business organization employ social media for accomplishing the purpose of internal communication. As per Vinerean et al. (2013), unlike the use of social media for external communication, for the purpose of internal communication, most of the organizations do not use varied media platforms as they prefer to integrate an unique social media platform that contain numerous functions. For example, business organizations nowadays design customized individual online portals for both managers and employees along with creating individual websites. Through this, organizations share information related to organization and do social tagging. One of the most commonly used social media and networking platform is emails through which in the contemporary business sector, workers as well as management get aware of any upcoming meeting, policy or authorial decision (Tsimonis and Dimitriadis 2014). Thus, following social medias contribution in the internal organizational premise, it can be said that social media and networking assist an organization to make visible communicative activities. In the context of identifying the distinct advantages of using social media in business organization, it is to require mentioning that in recent times most of the multinational companies like to use social media for enabling employees access to the knowledge experts inside an organization. It is an important aspect of every organizational culture to provide employees easy access for acquiring significant knowledge as well as information regarding the work field. For example, multinational and IT giant IBM prefers to maintain an impressive extent of social media aspects for integrating one large social media platform for pursuing a flexible internal organizational communication (Vinerea et al. 2013). It has been identified that the organization has built a blogging community for the internal stakeholders as well as blog central. On the other hand, organizations like Microsoft maintain an internal blogging community that is activated through the organizations own intranet platform. How ever, in terms of disadvantages of the process included in the installation and integration of social media platform is the chance of getting prohibited for not to undermine the brokerage position (Vinerea et al. 2013). Besides, the aforementioned disadvantage, it has been also identified that excess utilization of social media for bringing ease to internal communication is considered as a potential source of creating a low stakes environment. Moreover, with frequent use of social media for facilitating flexible internal communication, the organizational boundaries between private communication and work-related communication gets blurred (Harrigan et al. 2015). Consequently, in an organization, the impact of personal similarities upon work communication increases. Most significantly, in terms of disadvantage, use of social media for enabling internal organizational communication can encourage the aspect of strategic self-presentation to avoid being tracked and quantified. Additionally, the excessive use of social media for enabling easy internal communication may compel employees to refrain from the communication in social platform (Ooms et al. 2015). Henceforth, various time social media and networ k is called as a leaky pipe for business enterprises. However, as contradicted by Leonardi et al. (2013), social media is also considered to be an aspect enacting echo chamber in business organization. It is because, internet as one of the most convenient element of social media platform possesses the ability to link an individual with other. Internet is one of those user-friendly elements of social media that connect people and help them to express individual views regarding a particular subject. In organization, with the help of internet, internal blogging premise is created through which employees share varied information related to organizational culture. The particular procedure helps the new joiners in getting accustomed with the organizational culture as well as to cultivate the sense of belonging within the workplace (Okazaki and Taylor 2013). Therefore, it can be determined that the use of social in business organization is act as social lubricants that fruitfully help an organization to advance social capital within the workpl ace. At the same time, it should be also considered that organizational application of social media and networking helps to stimulate any kind of development of the disingenuous relationships in workplace (Traino et al. 2014). Therefore, the above discourse it can be interpreted that in the contemporary world of digitalization, the use of social media in business organizations do carry both advantages and disadvantages. The above paper is indicative of the fact that in terms of advantages, social media and networking helps in pursuing the activity of brand recognition, marketing and flexible communication with the external stakeholders. On the other hand, for the purpose of internal communication, use of social media proves most convenient. However, in terms of disadvantages, use of social media in business brings the chances of privacy breech and at the same time social media can earn bad reputation for an organization as well. References Badea, M. 2014. Social media and organizational communication.Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,149, 70-75. Kasemsap, K. 2014. The role of social networking in global business environments.Impact of emerging digital technologies on leadership in global business, 183-201. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., and Richard, M. O. 2013. To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?.International Journal of Information Management,33(1), 76-82. Leonardi, P. M., Huysman, M., and Steinfield, C. 2013. Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), 1-19. Okazaki, S., and Taylor, C. R. 2013. Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions.International marketing review,30(1), 56-71. Ooms, W., Bell, J., and Kok, R. A. 2015. Use of social media in inbound open innovation: Building capabilities for absorptive capacity.Creativity and Innovation Management,24(1), 136-150. Harrigan, P., Soutar, G., Choudhury, M. M., and Lowe, M. 2015. Modelling CRM in a social media age.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),23(1), 27-37. Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J. M., Rapp, A., and Agnihotri, R. 2014. Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM.Journal of Business Research,67(6), 1201-1208. Tsimonis, G., and Dimitriadis, S. 2014. Brand strategies in social media.Marketing Intelligence and Planning,32(3), 328-344. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L., and Tichindelean, M. 2013. The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), 66.